Visit our sister site www.history-ontheweb.co.uk - lots of free resources

 

www.modernhistory.org.uk

Italy 1914-1948
This is a shortened factual framework
For a full famework go to our sister site

1914  Aug First World War starts; Italy remains neutral.
         Nov Mussolini founds his newspaper, Il Popolo d’Italia, and is expelled from the Socialist party.

1915  May Italy enters the war on the side of Britain and France.

1917  Oct-Nov Battle of Caporetto.

1918  Oct-Nov Battle of Vittorio Veneto.
         Nov Armistice is signed.

1919  Jan The Catholic Italian Popular party is formed.
         March Mussolini forms the first fascio di combattimento at Milan.
         June Francesco Nitti becomes Prime Minister.
         Treaty of Versailles is signed.
         Sept Gabriele D’Annunzio occupies Fiume.
         Nov Parliamentary elections.

1920  June Giolitti becomes Prime Minister.
         Aug-Sept Workers occupy factories in the north.

1921  Jan Italian Communist party is formed.
         May Parliamentary elections; Mussolini and another 35 Fascists are elected.
         Nov The National Fascist party is created.

1922  Feb Pius XI becomes Pope.
         Oct The ‘March on Rome’; Mussolini becomes Prime Minister.
         Nov Mussolini is given emergency powers by parliament for a year.
         Dec The Fascist Militia is created.

1923  Jan The Fascist Grand Council is created.
         Aug Mussolini orders the occupation of Corfu.

1924  April Parliamentary elections take place under the Acerbo Law.
         June The socialist deputy, Giacomo Matteotti, is murdered; opposition parties boycott parliament.

1925  Jan Mussolini declares the Fascist dictatorship.
         Oct The ‘battle for grain’ is launched.

1926  April The Fascist syndical laws are approved.
        July The Ministry of Corporations is created.
        Nov Special dictatorial decrees are issued.

1927  Dec The revaluation of the lira is achieved.

1928  Dec The Fascist Grand Council is made a constitutional body.

1929  Feb The Lateran Pacts are signed.

1931  Dec Achille Starace becomes PNF Secretary.

1932  Oct The Fascist regime celebrates the 10th anniversary of Fascism’s coming to power;
         the PNF reopens its ranks to new members.

1934  Feb Corporations are created.
        June Mussolini and Hitler meet for the first time at Venice.
        July Nazis murder the Austrian Chancellor, Engelbert Dollfuss;
        Mussolini defends Austrian independence.

1935  Oct Italy invades Ethiopia, and League of Nations sanctions are imposed against Italy.

1936 May Mussolini declares victory in Ethiopia.
        June Mussolini’s son-in-law, Galeazzo Ciano, is appointed Foreign Minister.
        Oct Mussolini declares the formation of the Rome-Berlin Axis; Italy and Germany agree
        to intervene on Franco’s side in the Spanish Civil War.

1938  March Hitler unites Austria with Germany, with Mussolini’s approval.
        July Anti-Jewish laws are adopted.
        Sept The Munich Conference.

1939  April Italy occupies Albania.
        May Italy and Germany sign the Pact of Steel.
        Sept Germany invades Poland, and Britain and France declare war
        on Germany; Italy says that it is a ‘non-belligerent’.

1940  June Italy enters the war on Germany’s side, and invades France.
         Oct Italy attacks Greece.

1942  Nov Allies land in North Africa.

1943  March Workers strike in northern Italy.
         July Allies land in Sicily.
         The Fascist Grand Council meets and decides to end Mussolini’s leadership;
         Mussolini is arrested by the King, and Badoglio becomes Prime Minister.
         Sept Allies land on the Italian mainland; Italy announces an armistice and declares war
         on Germany; the Germans occupy Italy; the King and Badoglio flee to the south;
         armed anti-Fascist Resistance begins; Mussolini is rescued by the Germans
         and put at the head of the Salň Republic.

1945  April Northern Italy is liberated; Mussolini is captured and executed by partisans.

1946  June Italy decides to abolish the monarchy in a referendum.

1948  Jan The Italian Republic is officially in existence.

This is the basic factual framework
To gain a grade A or B for this module topic and for the full factual framework
visit our sister website with its huge array of study advice and resources
www.history-ontheweb.co.uk